Poll: Gillard up 6%, Abbott and the Greens each down 3%

Julia Gillard's approval rating on the rise as the media comes under criticism for not scrutinising the policies and performance of the Greens and Tony Abbott.

In a recent poll , (2PP) the Gillard Government was on 47%  with the Abbott lead coalition in 53%

Gillard's increase in the polls comes after a relatively successful two weeks with the holding of the Commonwealth Head of Government meeting in Perth and the G20 meeting in France.

The Greens lost ground as the media began to hold them to account and shone the light on the fact that the Greens internal conferences were not open to the public or media. unlike the Liberal Party and the ALP who allow the media to attend and report on the parties deliberations.  For too long the Greens have been trading on the feel good environmental factor but have not been subjected to public review of its own internal going procedures.

Likewise Tony Abbot's negativity. oppose everything, is beginning to wear thin.  Gillard has managed to get through Parliament the government's "Price on Carbon" legislation, legislation that will see market forces shape a cleaner heather future for Australia and our environment as investment in new technology begins to come into focus.  The Government also managed to pass legislation that will tax the super profits of the mining boom and allow Australians to benefit from the profits in national resources in the form of tax cuts for low income earners and increase superannuation investments.  In spite the negativity, false and misleading statements designed to undermine Australia's economic interests Tony Abbott in the meantime is facing the prospect of having the wind taken out of his campaign as the ship sails on without him. The oppositions refusal to support changes to the migration act to overcome the restrictions placed on processing refugee applications offshore is another example of Abbott pursing a policy of opportunism and not acting not in Australia's best interest. Every time a new boat load of unlawful immigrants arrive on our shores Abbott will come under fire and the general public will be reminded of the his parties refusal to support legislation that should out an end to the  illegal people smuggling.  

Australia is very much mindful of events that is unfolding in Europe and the need for Australia to maintain stability in the Australian economy.,  Australia under Labor is the best performing economy in the World and yet Abbott's opportunistic negativity has the potential of putting  our economy at risk.

Gillard's strategy is clear.  get on with the job of governing and try and ignore Abbott's negatively and as time progresses between now and the next Federal election, which is due in 2013. the facts surrounding Abbott's negatively will be exposed to the daylight and seen for what it is. Nothing but cheap hollow political opportunism.  Abbott's only chance of winning government is to play on the public  mis-perception of Gillard and hope that an election will be called sooner rather then later and that the electorate will  grow tired of a minority government.

Contrary to the public's perception Gillard is a competent and intelligent leader who has proven herself this week on the international stage where Abbott on the pother hand is a liability and unknown risk.

Having known Gillard for over 25 years I can assure readers that Gillard is not a person to dismiss so easily, she is the best person to lead the Australian Government under the current economic and political circumstances. If there is any criticism of her it is her desire to over consult.  If we are to face a second wave of economic down turn Australia is better off with a Labor Government then the untied and unsecured Abbott leadership.

Nielson Poll: Gillard/Labour at all time low

Sky News, A subsidiary service of Murdoch's News Limited, has pushed the results of a Nielson Poll which shows the Labor Government with a primary vote of just 26% support.  Missing from the Sky publication is the number polled and the relevant details that back up the poll.  There is no doubt that the Gillard Government is languishing in the polls as Labor is under sustained attack by the Murdoch press. A campaign of misinformation and lies from the media itself.  The Government’s Carbon Tax is not the solution to global warming BUT it is heading in the right direction. It will shift the economic balance using market forces towards developing a more sustainable and technological  energy sector. Which in the long term will provide significant benefits to Australia and the environment.  We all suffer by pollution and anything that can shift the balance away from the polluters towards renewal of better technology will in the long term produced more benefits.  It is an investment into our future.

The Government cannot afford to lose this debate. It is the right course of action. Gillard must continue to stay the course and not pander to the media campaign to destabilise Australia's government.

Poll: Voting System

Essential Research

Comment: 48% to 44% of voters favour a preferential voting system over a first past thial te post ballot.   Those favoriong an Optional Preferential ballot do not realise or undertand the impact of optional preferential voting on the counting of the results of the election.  In 2010 the Victorian Electoral Commission advocated that voters only number one to five below-the-line.  The commission should be advocting that voters allocate a preference for all candidates in order of the voters' preferred choice.  In advoctaing the minimum the Commision devalued the value of the vote and became an active particpant in the electiion outcome as oposed to being independent and unaligned.



Q. Which of the following voting systems would you prefer when voting for the Federal House of Representatives.

• A preferential voting system where voters rank all candidates in order of preference.
• An optional preferential system where voters can rank one, some, or all candidates in order of preference.
• A “first past the post” system, where voters only vote for one candidate and the candidate with the most votes wins.

	Total	Vote Labor	Vote Lib/Nat	Vote Greens
Preferential	22%	31%	18%	30%
Optional preferential	26%	26%	24%	33%
First past the post	44%	40%	53%	31%
Don’t know	7%	4%	4%	6%

Of the three voting options given, 44% favoured “first past the post”, 26% optional preferential and 22% the current preferential system.
Optional preferential was most preferred by those aged under 35 (35%) while older groups strongly favoured first past the post (50% of aged 35-54 and 54% of aged 55+).

Poll: Voluntary Voting

Essential Research

Q. If voting at elections was voluntary (i.e. not compulsory) – how likely would you be to vote in the next Federal election?

	Total	Vote Labor	Vote Lib/Nat	Vote Greens
Total definitely/probably vote	82%	85%	89%	78%
Total definitely/probably not vote	14%	12%	9%	19%
Would definitely vote	59%	62%	65%	61%
Would probably vote	23%	23%	24%	17%
Probably wouldn’t vote	10%	8%	7%	18%
Definitely wouldn’t vote	4%	4%	2%	1%
Don’t know	4%	3%	1%	3%

82% said they would definitely or probably vote if voting was voluntary. 14% said they definitely or probably would not vote.
Coalition and Labor voters were more likely to vote and Greens voters somewhat less likely.
By age, 73% of those aged under 35 said they would vote compared to 82% of those aged 35-54 and 91% of those aged 55+.
The estimated vote excluding those who would probably or definitely not vote produces a first preference vote of 52% Liberal/National, 30% Labor, 11% Greens and 7% other. The two-party preferred estimate is 58% Liberal/National and 42% Labor (compared to the current estimate of 57%/43%) – suggesting that voluntary voting would only very slightly advantage the Coalition.

Essential Research: Latest Polling

Essential Research has published its latest polling.  It has the ALP trailing the Coalition primary vote 32% to 46% (44% to 56% TPP) respectively.

Equally alarming is the economic trend which shows Australia's strong economic performance backed up by the Mining sector and good economic management by the Federal Government is not being reflected in consumer confidence.  Much of this has to do with the Baby boomers entering retirement as the burden on taxation beocmes greater along with the ned to make ends meet on what is a igherning peronsal housld budget.  This is not helped by profit takers who are benefiting from the high dollar and massive increases in supermarket pricing over the last two months.  Our dollar is performing well yet the price of energy and petrol is increasing.

On the political front the change in the Senate with the Greens claining balance of power (Fact is the Greens olnly hold the blanace of power if the Coalition opposes Government inititives - which has more to do with political opportunism then what is the best policy for the Nation.)

Poll: Gillard preferred PM treading water as Abbott sinks

Julia Gillard has maintained her lead in the preferred Prime-Minister stakes according the latest Newspoll published in the Australian.

Gillard is is reported as having a satisfied rating of 45% (up one percent since September 2010).  The down side is that the undecided rating (down down to 13% from 20% in September ) has swung to the negative with a corresponding rise in the satisfied category.

The swing has not helped Tony Abbott who is still languishing behind Gillard as preferred Prime Minster. (48% to 35%)

Abbott satisfaction rating has dropped six percentage points from 48% to 42% with a corresponding increase in the level of those dissatisfied with Abbott's performance (38% to 44%) the number of uncommitted remains at 13%

The bias Green Doctor of Tea Leaf  reading William Bowie (Pollbludger) in a quantum leap in assessing a poll published by Roy Morgan reports that Abbott's decline is due to a rise in treasure Joe Hocking standing. It has nothing to do with Abbott's inability to win over the public's trust and confidence.

1999 revisted: Polls shows Bailieu could win control of both houses

JOHN Brumby’s Labor government could be swept from office today, with a late Age/Nielsen poll showing Ted Baillieu’s Coalition has surged to the lead in the final days of the election campaign.

Source: The Age

The poll, taken on Wednesday and Thursday, shows the Coalition with a potentially election-winning lead of 52 per cent of the vote after distribution of preferences, with Labor on 48 per cent. This is a swing against the government of 4 per cent over the past two weeks and an anti-Labor swing of 6.5 per cent since the last state election in 2006.

Nielsen pollster John Stirton last night said that after taking into account the margin of error in the poll, ‘‘the election result could range from a narrow Labor win to a comfortable Coalition win’’.
A Morgan poll taken over the first four days of this week found the Coalition ahead by 51 per cent to Labor’s 49 per cent.
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Strategists from both camps last night said the election was shaping as a cliffhanger, with three results possible: Labor winning a historic fourth term, a hung parliament with the Greens and/or one or more independents determining who forms government, or a Coalition victory.

The Age/Nielsen poll — the biggest of the election campaign, with 1533 voters surveyed — shows Labor’s primary vote collapsing, Mr Baillieu’s approval rating ahead of Mr Brumby’s for the first time, and the Greens polling strongly.

It suggests Labor is still under some threat from the Greens in its inner-city heartland — and that the Coalition could win enough seats to defeat the 11-year-old government.

Morgan Phone Poll: LNP 51% to Labor 49%

Opposition Leader Ted Baillieu’s Liberal-National Coalition is set win a close Victorian State Election with the L-NP (51%, up 3.5% in a week) leading the ALP (49%, down 3.5%) on a Two-Party preferred basis according to a special telephone Morgan Poll conducted over the last four nights in Victoria, November 22-25, 2010.

Source Morgan Poll

Despite the L-NP now leading the Two-Party preferred vote, the clear majority of electors (61%) still think the ALP ‘will win’ tomorrow’s election compared to just 21% who expect the L-NP to win the election.

Primary support has risen for the L-NP 44.5% (up 3% from November 16-18, 2010, and up 4.9% from the 2006 Victorian State Election), ALP support has collapsed to 35.5% (down 3.5% from November 16-18, 2010 and down 7.6% from the 2006 Election), the Greens 13% (down 2.5%, but up 3% from the 2006 Election), Family First 1.5% (unchanged, but down 2.8% from the 2006 Election) and Independents/Other 5.5% (up 3%).

Victoria faces Cliff Hanger Nail Biting Election Outcome

The Herald Sun has reported a Galaxy Poll showing the 50/50 two party preferred support for Labor and Liberal  and a Primary vote  of Labor 36% to Coalition's 44%. and the Greens on 14%

The Opposition is on track to win at least an 10 seats from the Government falling 3 seats shgort from the needed 13 seats to in government in its on right.

The results of the poll Indicate a possible hung parliament with the Greens holding the balance of power should they win to or more seats from the Government in Inner City electorates. The decsion of the Liberal party to place the Greens last on its how to vote cards may yet be a barrier too high for the Greens to climb.

In weighing up the pro and cons of the two major parties the Herald Sun  has followed in the footsteps of its Sunday papers and endorsed the re-election of a Brumby Labor Government warning of the financial; impact of the Green policies

The Herald Sun in forming its assessment and recommendation of endorsement noted that

Mr Brumby runs government as he might run a business. He is capable. The Government is effective. 

... The Herald Sun endorses the re-election of John Brumby and the Labor Government for a record fourth term

Labor reduced majority possible hung parliament

LABOR will lose at least seven seats, but is likely to hold power following Saturday's Victorian election, a new poll suggests.

The poll, conducted by JWS Research and published on the Herald Sun website, says Labor is likely to lose the Melbourne seats of Mount Waverley, Mitcham, Forest Hill, Mordialloc and Burwood to the Liberals, along with the Geelong seat of South Barwon.

The Greens are likely to win the inner suburban seat of Brunswick, and have an even chance with Labor of winning the seats of Melbourne and Richmond, held by cabinet ministers Bronwyn Pike and Richard Wynne respectively.

Labor and Liberal are lineball in the inner southeastern seat of Prahran, while the Nationals are expected to pick up East Gippsland from independent MP Craig Ingram, who has held the seat since 1999, the poll says.

But Labor is likely to hold crucial seats including Gembrook, Bentleigh and Frankston, in Melbourne's southeast, and the regional seats of Bendigo East, Ballarat East, Ballarat West and Ripon.

"If these results hold up at Saturday's election, it may still allow Labor to form majority government and for John Brumby to be elected in his own right as premier," JWS Research managing director John Scales told the Herald Sun.

"But on this polling Labor's lead has been reduced to such a small number of seats that Ted Baillieu and the Liberals could yet snatch an unlikely victory or the Greens could once again be the king-makers."

The poll says Premier John Brumby leads Opposition Leader Ted Baillieu as preferred premier by 36 per cent to 32 per cent.

Galaxy Poll: collapse in Labor's primary vote, putting at least 18 government-held seats in jeopardy.

A private Galaxy poll - publihsed in the Herald Sun shows Premier John Brumby will cling onto power with Greens preferences.

The poll shows a collapse in Labor's primary vote, putting at least 18 government-held seats in jeopardy.

On a two-party preferred basis Labor is leading 51-49 but the poll shows the Opposition Leader has not only secured his own supporter base but is eating into Labor's support in key outer suburbs and regional centres.

Nielsen Poll 53:47 to coalition. Majority Coalition voters support gay marriage

GhostWhoVotes reports a federal Nielsen poll published in the Age shows the Coalition, unchanged on last month.

In Victoria, federal Labor is leading the Coalition 53-47 per cent in two-party terms - Labor's best rating on the mainland.

Labor's national primary vote is up one point to 35 per cent, which is 3 points under its election day vote. The Coalition is steady on 43 per cent, while the Greens are down 1 to 13 per cent.

The poll also shows support for gay marriage at 57 per cent and opposition at 37 per cent.

51% Coalition voters were against legalising Gay Marriage - with 42 per cent in favour.

Anyone reading Twitter would think that Gay Marriage was the main issue of this election. Its not, it hardly rates on the political agenda as an issue that changes votes.  It is only an issue voiced by a vocal minority.

The real issue is jobs, economy and services. Same sex partnerships have the same legal rights under law the only thing missing the the white wedding and certificate that says marriage.

Civil partnership ceremonies are legal. Its not a civil rights issue as some try to make out. Its a furphy and a Federal Issue.  If in doubt hold a referendum, Its not an issue that will determine who I support.

The Green's candidate for Melbourne, Brian Waters SC, only policy is gay marriage.  Brian Walters has no idea or his party has no policy on the City Boundaries or the proposal of a Greater Melbourne.  In this election planning and environment has taken second stage.

Gay Marriage has overtaken the public debate Aboriginal rights, land rights, our environment or good governance in this election.

Sorry I am not gay, but I do not think gay members of our society are being discriminated against by not having "Marriage" rights.  If twon indivuuals lobe eavch opther the certificate that says marrige says nothing, it is just a pecie of paper with a title. The ALP has acted laws to ensure that no one is discriminated against under our laws on the basis of race or sexuality preference. All partnerships (gay or hetrosexual) are equal in law. Visit Russia and all 'marriages" are recorded and performed by the State with a church wedding being an optional confirmation of ones faith and marriage.


There are many issues other then gay mnarriage that deserve more attention. I have no opposition to it I just do not think it is a real issue of concern. Education, planning, evivronment, our economy, electoral refrom  and good governance rate much higher in my thinking.

Morgan Poll: Combined poll produces funny results

Morgan Poll has published its latest poll which combines information collated disproportionally in a recent inner city poll with a more statewide phone poll. (Statistically you should not mix concentrated polling areas with less concentrated data - like the way they count the Senate it serisouly distorts the data presented. - So why did Morgan publish it?)


It has the Dr Bludger stumped , William (proGreen) Bowe, in his bludger blog states:

Morgan has produced another poll on the Victorian state election, and this one’s a lot more credible than the last – a statewide phone survey conducted from a sample of 943 over the past three nights, with a margin of error of a bit over 3 per cent. Despite nervous talk emanating from the Labor camp, the poll gives them a comfortable two-party lead of 52.5-47.5, from primary votes of 39 per cent for Labor, 41.5 per cent for the Coalition and 15.5 per cent for the Greens. I gather the poll consists of the inner-city results from Tuesday topped up with a further 667 responses from elsewhere, with the former presumably weighted downwards to reflect the fact that they only account for 4.5 per cent of statewide enrolment. However, I’m not entirely sure what to make of Gary Morgan’s accompanying spiel in which he says the headline two-party figure is “slightly ‘misleading’ as it includes a very high ALP Two-party preferred vote (72.5%) cf. L-NP (27.5%) in the marginal Inner Melbourne seats of Richmond, Northcote, Brunswick and Melbourne”. It isn’t clear to me why the predictable weakness of the Liberals in this area would contribute to a “misleading” total any more than would Labor’s corresponding weakness in rural areas and wealthier parts of the city. The poll also has John Brumby leading Ted Baillieu as preferred premier 47.5 per cent to 35.5 per cent, although Baillieu has better personal ratings: Brumby is on 38 per cent approval and 43 per cent disapproval, while Baillieu’s approval and disapproval are both 40 per cent.

Morgan Phone Home - Greens claim victory within their grasp in spite the Liberal Party preferencing the Greens last

Its hard to believe but believe it or not.

Gary Morgan, from Roy Morgan  research, has undertaken a phone poll in the inner City electorates of Richmond, Brunswick, Melbourne and Northcote. According to Morgan the Greens on a 2PP against the ALP could secure over 50% of the vote.  This in spite the decision to the Liberal Party to preference the greens last on their HTV cards.

Morgan's claimed Primary vote is a little beyond belief.  Morgans press release did not mentioned who commissioned the poll.  The special telephone Morgan Poll was conducted last night (Tuesday November 16, 2010) in the 4 inner Melbourne seats (Melbourne, Richmond, Brunswick, Northcote) with a cross section of 276 electors; a low 3% didn’t name a party.: November 17, 2010

Bludger Dr William Bowe says:

• Roy Morgan has exposed itself to ridicule by not only publishing a phone poll of the four Labor-versus-Greens seats from a sample of just 276, but also purporting that meaningful conclusions can be drawn from the seat-by-seat breakdowns (“Greens set to win Inner Melbourne seats of Richmond & Northcote; Vote in Brunswick & Melbourne ‘too close to call’”). The best that can be done with the poll is to combine the results and compare them with the 2006 election, which shows the Greens up 17 points on the primary vote, Labor down 16 points and the Liberals up three, with a two-party swing to the Greens of 8 per cent – and even then a margin of error approaching 6 per cent must be taken into account. For what very little it’s worth, a uniform 8 per cent swing would deliver the Greens Melbourne, Richmond and Brunswick, but not quite Northcote. We aren’t told how preferences were allocated, but clearly it wasn’t on the basis of the last election – the Greens’ preference share has gone from 74 per cent to 41 per cent.

Greens set to win Inner Melbourne seats of Richmond & Northcote
Vote in Brunswick & Melbourne ‘too close to call’

The Greens are in a winning position in the Victorian State seats of Richmond and  Northcote; while its ‘too close to call’ in Brunswick and Melbourne, a special telephone Morgan Poll conducted last night (Tuesday, November 17, 2010) shows.

Two Party preferred vote in the four seats surveyed was:

Richmond — Greens  61% vs ALP 39%

Northcote — Greens 54% vs ALP 46%

Brunswick — Greens 51.5% vs ALP 48.5%

Melbourne — ALP 51% vs Greens 49%.

The Greens obtained a significant vote before preferences — in Richmond (50%), Northcote (50.5%) and Brunswick (41.5%); while in Melbourne the vote is divided fairly evenly across the three major parties.

Gary Morgan says:

“Despite the Liberal Party decision on the weekend to preference Labor ahead of the Greens across Victoria, the Greens look set to do particularly well in the Inner Melbourne seats they have been targeting since the last Victorian State election — Victoria seems to be heading for a Hung Parliament.”

Full Tables & Details: http://www.roymorgan.com/news/polls/2010/4601

Poll: Essential Labor 51% to Liberal/National Party 49% (TPP) - Greens 10%

Essential Research latest national polling shows Labor: 51, Liberal 49 (TPP) with minor fluctuations  in primary support. A noticeable consolidation to the main parties with others and  independents dropping off 2 percentage points.

Party	6 months ago	4    weeks ago	2   weeks ago	Last week	This week
Labor	38	40	41	39	39
Liberal	41	42	41	42	42
Nationals	2	2	3	4	3
Coalition	43	44	44	46	45
Greens	10	9	8	8	10
Others	9	7	7	7	7

Poll: Newspoll (Victoria) - Greens vote on decline

 The Latest Newspoll published in the Australian shows Labor  51 to Coalition 49 (TPP) with two weeks of the campiagn still to go.

The Greens vote is down significantly from 19% in October to 14%  as the Greens come under greater scrutiny and opposition within the Liberal Party over an expected preference deal between the Liberal Party and the Greens.

The other interesting statistics is the consolidation of the vote with other minor parties and independents losing support from 9% to 5% since the Federal election

Poll: Victoria facing a Hung Parliament with Greens holding the balance of power

Greens could hold the balance of power - Threatening Victoria's economic stability

The Herald Sun reports

VICTORIA may be heading for a hung parliament with the polls tightening sharply as the Brumby government's support slips.

The latest polls show the Ted Baillieu led-Coalition is winning support with its strong attacks on 11 years of Labor government and its shoddy service delivery.

Voter anger about the myki debacle, fears about law and order, frustration with public transport and rising household bills are hurting Premier John Brumby with Labor's led falling to 51:49 in two-party preferred terms in the latest Australian Newspoll - from 52:48 last month.

Only two weeks out from the election this could leave the Greens as kingmakers.

Despite a decline in its primary support, the Greens are on track to win at least two Lower House seats.

Labor has won back some support that had leaked to the Greens

Poll: Nielsen, Baillieu chases Brumby on the run

Source The Age
TWO weeks from polling day, the Victorian election is up for grabs.

Labor is ahead and remains the favourite, but the latest Age/Nielsen poll confirms the government's majority is not assured.

The opposition is behind and remains very unlikely to win in its own right.
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But the government's position is perilous because it is under assault not only from its traditional opponent, the Coalition, on its right, but from the comparatively new menace to the ALP, the Greens, on its left.

The Greens are going strong and remain on target to storm Victoria's lower house for the first time - and in the process, give themselves a chance of gaining the balance of power for the first time.

If Ted Baillieu is able to build momentum behind the opposition with his official campaign launch tomorrow, it really will be sweaty palms time for John Brumby.

Newspoll: 52-48 to Coalition

Newspoll shows Labor down 4%, LNP steady on 43% with the Greens fluctuating between 11% to 14%


The discrepancy in the various polls when  it comes to Greens votes is most likely due to demographics in the sample data.  Most of the Green vote is concentrated in the Zone One inner city regions and as such depending on the poll sample would explain the ups and down of the Green vote in the polls. Taking the average between  8% as shown in yesterday's Essential Research poll and the 14%  in the Newspoll the Greens are sitting on 11%-12%  not much change from the last federal election.

Whilst this might give rise to public discourse around the Green Tea leaf readers  communal dinner  it is not much to report on.  The intrinsic flaw in the national polls is their failure to break down the poll into regions.  Australia is not a homogeneous single electorate. The published data excluded 4% uncommitted and 1% who refused to answer. The silent swinging voters that votes as they do placing a bet on a horse for the Melbourne cup.  The published poll reflects only the decided committed vote.

Whilst Gillard's performance satisfactory rating has declined over the last two weeks her dissatisfaction level has also declined, by 2% since the August Federal election, shifting from satisfied to an uncommitted holding pattern. She was doing much better two weeks ago before she travelled to Asia.

One of the criticism is Gillard's over cautious moderation in her speeches.  Less moderation and more modulation, more passion and compassion, less repetition in phrases is needed. Some how Julia just does not cut it on the international stage as Rudd does.  Maybe if she cut herself free from the minders as she did in the campaign she would be better off.

Gillard still remains the favourite for PM, down 1% to 49% with Abbott dropping 3% points down to 34% with the doubters increasing by the same amount

Essential Research: 51-49 to Coalition

This week’s Essential Research poll shows the the Greens losing ground to the coalition with the coalition showing a two-party lead for the first time since the agency commenced polling in early 2008. The Coalition is up two points on the primary vote to 46 per cent, for a two-party lead of 51-49, while Labor is down two points to 39 per cent. Support for the Greens has  slumped from 11% six months ago to 8% in the latest poll

First Preference/Leaning to	6 months	4 weeks	2 weeks	Last week	This week
Liberal	39%	42%	41%	41%	42%
National	3%	2%	3%	3%	4%
Labor	37%	41%	41%	41%	39%
Greens	11%	8%	8%	8%	8%
Other/independent	10%	7%	7%	7%	7%